建立“休挖期”与“保护基地” 青海政协委员建言保护“软黄金”******
中新社西宁1月17日电 (祁增蓓)制定冬虫夏草合理采挖与控制政策、严格禁止商业性质的挖幼虫、卖幼虫行为、建立冬虫夏草野生种质资源保护基地……正在召开的青海省两会上，青海省政协委员为保护“软黄金”冬虫夏草建言献策。
中国冬虫夏草的产量占世界产量的98%，而青海冬虫夏草占中国60%以上的产量，是世界冬虫夏草当之无愧的主产区，也是青海省虫草产区农牧民增收的重要来源。冬虫夏草天然资源十分宝贵，因此也被称为“软黄金”。
据统计数据，青海省冬虫夏草年产量约80吨至100吨，年产值180亿元(人民币，下同)至200亿元，数百万农牧民因此受益，特别是在核心产区，冬虫夏草成为农牧民家庭主要收入来源。
青海省政协委员、中国科学院西北高原生物研究所副所长魏立新17日接受中新社记者采访时表示，冬虫夏草产业的发展关乎百万农牧民生计与稳定。
“超时超限采挖，可能导致冬虫夏草子座子囊孢子在成熟前就被挖走，随后几年冬虫夏草产量便会不断下降，最后影响的还是当地的农牧民。”魏立新希望，青海能尽快制定冬虫夏草合理采挖与控制政策，设立冬虫夏草采挖控制区，实行可控制性采挖。
魏立新说，同样迫在眉睫的还有对采挖期限的规定。“南方有休渔期，我们可以设置休挖期。由于海拔、气候差异，具体时间可与当地政府、牧民等商讨后决定，建立适合各产区的冬虫夏草‘采挖期’与‘休挖期’制度。”
青海省政协委员、玉树藏族自治州工商联副主席格扎与魏立新有同样的想法，他告诉记者，近两年来，玉树在协调生态效益和经济效益方面不断努力，对冬虫夏草的采挖变得更加规范，牧民的生态意识也在不断提高，对冬虫夏草的保护也朝着好的方向发展。
格扎说，相比于产量下降给牧民造成收入下滑的影响，他更加担心不规范的采挖对生态和资源带来不可估计的后果。
“2012年左右，我们在调研时发现有些冬虫夏草主产区的草场被转包，由于经济利益的驱使，承包商往往采取毁灭性的采挖，包括采挖冬虫夏草幼虫，使得冬虫夏草资源难以实现自我修复。”魏立新说。
魏立新认为，除了严格控制私人采挖转让，禁止商业性质的挖幼虫、卖幼虫行为之外，还应在冬虫夏草自然生态系统保存完整、代表性强，核心资源集中分布或生态脆弱需要休养生息区域，建立冬虫夏草野生种质资源保护基地。
据记者了解，业界呼吁青海省政府建立冬虫夏草保护区始于2010年。魏立新提出，在确保冬虫夏草和生态环境不受损害的情况下，可开展冬虫夏草管护巡护、生态修复、调查监测等活动，进行非破坏性科学研究观测、标本采集，既有利于科研，让冬虫夏草物种得到更好的繁衍和适度的开发，又有利于增加地方农牧民的收入。
“如果能有保护基地，我们的冬虫夏草就会得到更好的保护，我相信牧民也愿意基地设立在自家草场。”格扎说。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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